This contains executable ZEMAX files corresponding to the figures in the text. Files correspond to the figures in the text (not table numbers). This is in a format RADIUS, THICKNESS, MATERIAL, DIAMETER. By using data directly from the computer, some of the prescription errors found in earlier editions are eliminated. This contains all the lens prescriptions the same as listed in the text. In this edition, a CD containing two directories is included. Perhaps most important, the ZEMAX program (like other modern computer design programs listed in Appendix D) is a more comprehensive program than the earlier GREY versions in that it can perform calculations on decentered and tilted systems and gradient index as well as zoom systems in addition to providing extensive graphical analysis. This was necessary because there are now many changes to the glasses that are available because of environmental requirements to remove lead, cadmium, and arsenic. In this edition, all designs were re-optimized using the ZEMAX q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The use of orthogonal polynomials as aberration coefficients was later described by Grey (1980). The orthonormalization technique is described by Grey (1966) and the program by Walters (1966). In the first edition of this book, all calculations for the fixed focal length designs were performed using David Grey’s optical design and analysis programs. It is very important to select the correct grade.) Field of view (FOV) is quoted in degrees and applies to the full field. (One needs to exercise caution here because both calcium fluoride and fused silica show some absorption at these short wavelengths. All data for the ultra-violet are centered at 0.27 mm and cover 0.2–0.4 mm. Two infrared regions are considered 8–14 mm (center at 10.2) and 3.2–4.2 mm (center at 3.63) that correspond to atmospheric windows. All data for the visual region are centered at the e line and cover F 0 to C 0. Lens diameters are not necessarily clear apertures, but rather, the actual lens diameters as shown in the lens diagrams. Light travels left to right and from the long conjugate to the short. The usual sign convention applies thickness is an axial dimension to the next surface and radius is C if the center of curvature is to the right of the surface. The lens diameters have reasonable values of edge thickness. This allows a practical system for presenting a particular application (perhaps for a 35 mm reflex camera). All lens prescription data, except for the human eye in Chapter 41, are given full size in inches. In some of the prescriptions, the material listed is SILICA. This was done for convenience I do not endorse any one glass manufacturer. (This does not include the Ohara S-FPL53 element used in the designs shown in Figure 2.4 and Figure 7.5 the Ohara S-LAL18 (Figure 2.5) as well as the gradient index materials of Chapter 39.) Other glass manufacturers (Ohara, Hoya, Chance, Corning, Chengdu, etc.) make nearly equivalent types of glass. All optical glass listed in the designs are from the Schott glass catalog. One of the purposes of this text is to answer just that question. I am often asked how I arrive at the starting design. I have taught Introduction to Optical Engineering at the University of California at Los Angeles for several years. All of these programs, however, are optimization programs the designer must input a starting solution. Many excellent programs are now available for lens optimization, ray-trace analysis, lens plotting, modulation transfer function (MTF) computations, etc. (See Appendix D for a list of commercially available lens design programs.) As the personal computer has increased in popularity and computing power, it exceeds, in its scientific computing ability, the large computers of the 1960–1980 era. It is also assumed that the reader has access to a computer lens design and analysis program. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with ray-tracing procedures, paraxial data, and third-order aberrations. This text is written as an aid for the practicing optical designer as well as for those aspiring to be optical designers. Preface Of the several very fine texts on optical engineering, none gives detailed design information or design procedures for a wide variety of optical systems. Dedication This revised and expanded edition is dedicated to my wife, Pat
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